Ptosis is a condition where one or both upper eyelids sag lower than normal. This condition can affect a person’s vision and negatively impact their appearance. Often referred to as eyelid sagging, the condition is highly common. Treatment is available for those who have the condition. Ptosis repair surgery effectively addresses the issue. If you have eyelid sagging, you may wonder, what causes ptosis? Below, you will find information about the condition and the most effective treatment options.

 

What Causes Ptosis?

Several factors can cause ptosis. The impact can be cosmetic, functional, or both. Below are some of the common causes of eyelid sagging.

 

Natural Aging

The most common cause of ptosis is aging. The natural aging process negatively impacts the area around the eyes. Common issues include fine lines, wrinkles, and skin sagging. The muscle in the upper eye area also weakens. This muscle is referred to as the levator muscle and is responsible for opening and closing the upper eyelid. All of these combined lead to eyes that look tired and aged. Certain lifestyle factors can exacerbate the damage caused by natural aging.

 

Muscle Weakness

The levator muscle is responsible for opening and closing the upper eyelid. It can weaken due to natural aging. However, there are other reasons the muscle may weaken. Trauma or injury can damage the muscle. Injury to the eye area can damage the muscle and the surrounding nerves that control it. Neurological conditions can also impact the levator muscle. This occurs if the nerves controlling the eyelid muscle are affected. Common conditions that cause this include third nerve palsy, Horner’s syndrome, and Myasthenia Gravis.

 

Congenital Ptosis

In some cases, ptosis is present from birth. Congenital ptosis occurs when the levator muscle does not develop properly or is underdeveloped. This can affect one or both eyelids. It is often noticeable at birth. However, it can sometimes go undiagnosed until the child gets older. The condition often runs in families. 

 

Certain Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can cause ptosis. These are often conditions that impact the eye muscles, nerves, or both. Diabetes is a common condition that can cause ptosis. Long-term diabetes can damage the nerves that control the eyelids. A stroke can also impair nerve function, which can lead to ptosis. Cancer that involves tumors around the brain, neck, or eyes can put pressure on the nerves that control the eyelids. Managing the underlying condition can reduce the risk of ptosis.

 

Cosmetic Injectables

Injectable treatments that treat wrinkles can cause ptosis in rare cases. The injection must be injected properly, or there is a risk of eyelid sagging. Injectables temporarily paralyze the muscles that they are injected into. If it is injected too close to the eyelid muscle, muscle weakness can result, resulting in ptosis. This is generally temporary but can impact your eyes for a few months until the injectable wears off.

 

Symptoms of Ptosis

The symptoms of ptosis are often visible. The dropping of the eyelid can be minor or severe, depending on the person. Severe ptosis can cause sagging that covers all or part of the pupil. In addition to visible eyelid sagging, consider the other common symptoms of ptosis. 

 

Tired of Heavy Eyes

People with ptosis often describe the sensation of having tired or heavy eyes. This can worsen as the day goes on. Drooping eyelids require a conscious effort to raise the eyelid. Over time, this can lead to discomfort and strain on the muscles around the eyes. This constant effort can result in a feeling of heaviness or fatigue in the eyelids. This can lead to further issues, including strain and irritation.

 

Headaches

Headaches are common among patients with ptosis. This is often a result of the physical strain required to hold the eyelids up and open. Eyelid sagging obstructs the normal range of vision. Because of this, the person may strain their forehead and brow muscles to try to lift the eyelid. The overcompensation is necessary due to the excess sagging of the eyelids. The more severe the ptosis, the greater the strain and the increased risk of tension headaches. Oculofacial surgery is the only effective option as it treats the underlying ptosis. 

 

Vision Issues

Severe cases of ptosis can cause significant vision problems. When the skin and muscles of the upper eyelid sag, they can obstruct a large portion of the visual field. This can make everyday tasks, such as reading, watching television, or moving around, much more difficult. It also poses a safety risk, especially when driving. Many people with severe ptosis compensate by tilting their head back or squinting, which can lead to eye strain and discomfort. Over time, this strain may contribute to additional vision issues. Treatment is necessary to address the functional and aesthetic issues associated with ptosis.

 

Ptosis Repair Surgery

Ptosis repair surgery offers functional and aesthetic benefits. Addressing ptosis can improve your confidence and your overall quality of life. The type of surgery that is right for you depends on the severity of your ptosis. Below are common surgeries that significantly improve the condition.

 

Levator Aponeurosis Repair

This is the most common surgical option for ptosis. It involves tightening the levator muscle. The levator muscle is responsible for lifting the upper eyelid. Tightening this muscle restores the look and function of your eyelid. This leads to improvements in both appearance and function. 

 

Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection

If the ptosis is mild to moderate, this procedure is the most common and effective option. It is a minimally invasive option that involves shortening the Müller’s muscle. This muscle helps elevate the upper eyelid. The procedure involves the shortening of the muscle and adjusting the conjunctiva.

 

Frontalis Sling Operation

This surgical option is best for patients with weak levator muscles. It is the most common treatment for those with congenital or severe ptosis. The surgery connects the eyelid to the forehead using a sling. The sling is made of silicone or fascia. This allows patients to lift their eyelids more effectively and with ease.

 

Oculofacial Surgery in Miami

If you have the symptoms of ptosis, contact Dr. Jennifer Murdock today to schedule a consultation!